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Cast Stone and GFRC Precast products

 

Glossary of products

Description: Cast Stone     Fino (fine) Texture chip  (click to enlarge)  

bulletOur "top of the line" product. Cast Stone resembles expensive cut limestone and sandstone at a fraction of the cost, looks and feels like real stone.
bulletAvailable in 2 standard textures and 12 standard colors.
bulletWe are one of the only companies  offering  Cast Stone in California and the only company offering Cast Stone in the Los Angeles area.
bulletCast stone is usually "full weight", with sharp edges and rich texture, more uniform in color and texture than other cast products (i.e.) precast or GFRC made by other companies. Suited to formal high end European or Eastern States style homes
bulletLarger parts (i.e. columns) can be in lightweight form.
bulletVibratory dry tamped. Made from crushed limestone sand, white cement and integrated pigment.
bulletDry packed into molds under extreme pressure.
bulletAlso referred to as Dry Cast or Dry Pack.
bulletThe difference between high end cast stone and precast concrete is easily seen, and even the novice can appreciate the high quality limestone like finish on a cast stone product. Made with old time European  techniques and reconstituting crushed limestone in our mix which gives our product a very special  texture and quality, unseen in normal precast products offered by other companies. Usually used in formal high end European style or East coast style estate homes.
bullet (click here to go to Cast Stone colors)             
           

Description: GFRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete)  Precast Concrete "Old World" texture  (click to enlarge)  

bulletGFRC or lightweight precast concrete product, resembles aged stone at approximately 25% of the weight.
bulletAvailable in 12 beautiful textures and 12 standard colors.
bulletGFRC is just another term for lightweight precast concrete and  is usually used in more contemporary  or rustic themed homes using the old world, travertine, or others of our many textures resembling the aged and weathered stone of the Mediterranean, Tuscany and even the Cantera or Adoquin stone of old Mexico. GFRC can be made to resemble many natural stone products.
bulletLightweight thin wall with many different textures available (see below).
bulletMade from sand or aggregates, fiberglass reinforcement, cement, and integrated pigment.
bulletHand laid or machine sprayed into onsite molds.
bullet GFRC is usually used in residential and commercial  projects. There are 12 amazing textures and 12 standard colors in our precast concrete line for which there is no up charge and can make our product in custom colors for a extra charge (see our color charts).
bullet (click here to go to GFRC and precast concrete colors)
 

     

Description: Foam Coated Precast (glass fiber reinforced)

bulletFoam coated precast can be made to resemble many natural products.
bullet3/8" thick limestone sand is extruded onto a foam shape
bulletMade from limestone sand, polymers, and integrated pigment.
bulletWet poured, sprayed or hand applied into onsite molds or extruded onto foam shape and hand ground.

                                                            

Description: GRG (glass fiber reinforced gypsum)

bulletGRG can be made to resemble many natural products.
bulletRecommended for indoor use only (unless modified).
bulletMade from gypsum, sand or aggregates, polymers, and integrated pigment.
bulletWet poured, sprayed or hand applied into onsite molds.

 

Glossary of Textures

These textures are also on our texture page.

Description: Old World Texture  Precast Concrete "Old World" texture  (click to enlarge)  

bulletOld world texture, everyone's favorite precast concrete or GFRC product, resembles aged stone with flashes of color and deep fissures.
bulletLightweight thin wall GFRC or full weight precast, with bright multicolored hand made highlights.
bulletMade from sand or special aggregates, fiberglass reinforcement, cement, and integrated pigment.
bulletHand laid into molds. 

 

Description: Travertine Texture   Precast concrete Travertine texture chip  (click to enlarge)  

bulletTravertine texture, made in precast concrete or GFRC product, resembles travertine or cut and polished limestone.
bulletLightweight thin wall GFRC or full weight precast, with smooth regular polished surface with small irregular fissures.
bulletMade from sand or aggregates, fiberglass reinforcement, cement, and integrated pigment.
bulletHand laid into molds.  

 

Description: Smooth texture  (click to enlarge)  

bulletSmooth texture, precast concrete or GFRC product, smooth plaster like finish, with a regular surface.
bulletLightweight thin wall or full weight.
bulletMade from sand and aggregates, fiberglass reinforcement, cement, and integrated pigment.
bulletHand laid or sprayed into molds. 

 

Description: Scagliola Texture    (click to enlarge)  

bulletScagliola texture, made in precast concrete or GFRC product, rich natural stone texture resembling cut marble.
bulletName is derived from the Italian word "scaglia" meaning "chips of stone".
bulletAncient secret formula dating from the 15th century, revived and improved upon by Italian monks in the 17th century, and which had all but disappeared by the 19th century. 
bulletLightweight thin wall GFRC or full weight precast, with smooth polished surface with many small irregular fissures and swirls.
bulletMade from crushed limestone or aggregates, fiberglass reinforcement, cement, and integrated pigment.
bulletHand laid into molds.

Description: Fino (Cast Stone) Texture     Fino (fine) Texture chip  (click to enlarge)
 

bulletFino or dry cast texture resembles expensive cut limestone at 25% of the cost.
bulletFino texture has sharp edges and rich texture, more uniform in color and texture than other cast products.
bulletCan also be made in lightweight GFRC.
bulletMade from limestone sand, white cement and integrated pigment.
bulletDry packed into molds under extreme pressure.
bulletThe difference between high end cast stone and precast concrete is easily seen, and even the novice can appreciate the high quality limestone like finish on a cast stone product. Made with old time European  techniques and using crushed limestone in our mix which gives our product a very special  texture and quality, unseen in normal precast products.

 

 

Description: Filled Travertine Texture    (click to enlarge)  

bulletFilled Travertine texture, made in precast concrete or GFRC product, resembles filled travertine.
bulletLightweight thin wall GFRC or full weight precast, with smooth regular polished surface with small irregular fissures.
bulletMade from sand or aggregates, fiberglass reinforcement, cement, and integrated pigment.
bulletHand laid into molds, fissures and small holes are later filled with a special blend of cementitious material.  

 

 

Description: Sanded Texture   (click to enlarge)  

bulletSanded texture, precast concrete or GFRC product, resembles sandstone, regular smooth sandy surface.
bulletLightweight thin wall GFRC or full weight precast, with sandstone look and feel.
bulletMade from sand and aggregates, fiberglass reinforcement, cement, and integrated pigment.
bulletHand laid or sprayed into molds and sand washed to expose the aggregates.

 

A short lesson on our concrete products.

 

Cast Stone

Cast stone is most often used  in classical homes requiring the fine sanded texture and sharp details common to fine European or East coast estate homes.
Cast stone, used by man since the Egyptian pyramids were constructed, is hand packed into molds under tremendous pressure, just as in nature when limestone is made from the extreme pressure on sand, lime and slurry over thousands of years. This technique of compacting sand, crushed limestone and colored pigment with a small amount of water ensures a product which closely resembles limestone. Uniform in color and texture because very little water is used in it's production, cast stone is used where limestone or sandstone is desired but is cost prohibitive. The surface of cast stone shows the aggregate naturally at its surface, simulating limestone or sandstone. Pleasing, high quality texture, our favorite.
T
he difference between high end cast stone and normal precast concrete is easily seen, and even the novice can appreciate the high quality limestone like finish on a cast stone product. Made with old time European  techniques and reconstituting crushed limestone in our mix which gives our product a very special  texture and quality, unseen in normal precast products. Larger parts can sometimes be made in lightweight form.     
Cost's slightly more than our other products because of the Materials used and the special molds needed in it's manufacture.

 

GFRC  (glass fiber reinforced concrete)

GFRC is just another term for lightweight precast concrete and  is usually used in more contemporary  themed homes using the old world, travertine, or others of our many textures resembling the stone of the Mediterranean, Tuscany and even old Mexico.
We simulate aged stone by hand laying a mix of special aggregates and cement into molds with special "techniques", making the product look  time worn or aged, resembling the old stone moldings seen at many historical sites or buildings. The GFRC product is thinwall about 3/4" thick and is extremely strong and about 25% the weight of solid stone.
GFRC can also be sprayed into molds, resulting in a smooth unblemished surface.

 

Precast concrete

Precast concrete is usually used in more contemporary  themed homes using the old world, travertine, or others of our many textures resembling the stone of the Mediterranean, Tuscany and even old Mexico. We manufacture precast concrete products similar to the products made by other manufacturers except we have 12 different beautiful textures unseen in normal precast.
We also simulate limestone or sandstone by pouring a mix of wet concrete into molds and when cured are then sand washed, to remove the fine cured cement particles at the surface of the product, and hopefully expose the aggregates to give the product the highly desired limestone "look".
Precast concrete can also be sprayed into molds, resulting in a smooth unblemished surface.

 

 

Texture
Textures range from smooth to rough and refer to the feel of the concrete as your hand rubs across it. Examples of such textures are a hard-trowel finish and a deep-exposed aggregate finish, respectively. Exposure refers to the degree the coarse aggregate is visible. Exposures are typically classified into four categories: nonexposed, light, medium and deep. See Table 1 below for a brief description of each category and techniques used to achieve them.

Table 1: Exposures of Architectural Precast
Exposure categories Description Techniques
Nonexposed Cement paste only, as removed from the form Form finish (as cast)
Form liners
Light Matrix dominant, surface skin of cement and sand is removed Acid etch
Abrasive blast
Cast stone
Medium Coarse aggregate is exposed in equal areas to the matrix, 50/50 Surface retarder
Abrasive blast
Acid etch
Bushhammering
Deep Greater coarse aggregate exposure, very little matrix is seen Surface retarder
Abrasive blast

 

 

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 Last modified: 02/13/23    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Our range of products are manufactured with two techniques:

Dry Cast Products

The "Dry Cast" method is a two part process, a face material to give you the similar finish to natural stone. Mechanically compacted to the rear of this is the backing mix to give the units strength in the terms of handling ability

Dry cast units are immediately demolded after casting and are hand finished to a very high standard.

Wet Cast

Wet Cast as the name suggests produces structural products like heads and sills but is also used for San Francisco precast slabs, beams and other similar products, that are for high exposure or structural situations where greater loads are required on the finished unit. The Wet Cast also has the added advantage of specialist finishes with the use of special sand aggregates.

Introduction to Cast Stone (wet cast and dry cast) Products

Cast Stone is known by a variety of other names including art stone, reconstructed stone, reconstituted stone, artificial stone and manufactured stone. This defines cast stone as any material manufactured with aggregate and cementicious binder and intended to resemble in appearance, and be used in a similar way to, natural stone. San Francisco Cast stone is either homogenous through out or consists of a facing material and backing concrete.

The method of production is split into two categories.

bulletSemidry mixes
bulletPrecast concrete or sometimes referred to as 'wet' cast.

Choice of manufacturing method

The majority of San Francisco cast stone manufactures use the semi-dry method of san francisco precast production. And is the more commonly widely used method of manufacture. Early consultation with us is advisable to ascertain the correct method of production for your project.

Sizes: Components produced using napa Valley precast the semidry method are limited in size with face dimensions of Ashlar units normally no greater than 1200x600mm. This is mainly because of the fact a semi dry mix is used, which require rapid and rigorous compaction with hand held pneumatic tampers. The semidry method of production is best suited to traditionally sized ashlars quoins, sills, copings, door and window surrounds, etc.

Structural requirements: Components requiring reinforcement which is more complex than a few straight bars or a layer of fabric reinforcement, must be produced using the wet cast method of production. This is because it is difficult to achieve thorough compaction of semidry mixes around congested reinforcement.

Appearance: Napa Valley Cast stone can replicate a variety of cast stone  Colors and  Textures . The semidry method of production is used to simulate limestones and sandstones. Where a component has a particularly intricate pattern or profile including slender projections, precast concrete may have to be used in preference to the 'semidry' method. Good color matching between components can be achieved by both methods, although fineline precast textural differences become apparent at close range.

Economics: Rapid production rates with frequent reuse of molds are possible with cast stone produced using semidry mixes. Where as with the Wet Cast process a higher number of San Francisco concrete molds is required to achieve the same casting program, but careful thought a planning stages of the contract can minimize the number of concrete molds. In Fact an additional 2-3 weeks extra lead-time for standard or semi standard products can sometimes be all that is needed to achieve the same casting program.

Comparison between the semidry and wet methods

The production of cast stone using semidry mixes differs from that of wet method in several ways.

Casting

Semi Dry ~ De-molding takes place immediately after compaction. This allows a rapid casting cycle with e.g. up to 80 or more basic components (sills, copings, etc.) a day from a single mold.

Wet Cast ~ Where as to manufacture the equivalent in wet cast it would not only take longer but you would require 1 mold per cast per day i.e. to produce 80 units a day you would need 80 molds.

Semi Dry ~Compaction is carried out by pneumatic tampers rather than by vibration.

Wet Cast ~ Compaction is carried out by vibration.

Mixes

Semi Dry ~ *Separate facing and backing mixes are often used for components like ashlars, sills, heads and jambs, where the backing mix is concealed from view. Separate facing and backing mixes are used primarily to economize on the facing mix. This requires a separate facing mix to be not less than 20 mm thick at any point, with semidry cement sand facing mixes and concrete backing mixes each mix is placed and compacted in immediate succession to ensure that they are effectively monolithic.

Wet Cast ~ Wet Cast units are manufactured from a through colored homogenous mix.

Semi Dry ~ Water repellent admixtures are invariably used in facing mixes to reduce permeability. Giving a water absorption of Grade B. All constituents are accurately weigh batched with the moisture content monitored regularly. Mix batches are necessarily small to prevent any premature drying of the mix. Thorough mixing and compaction are critical to ensure that the cast stone achieves the required density (typically between 1850-2100kg/m2), compressive strength and permeability.

Wet Cast ~ superplasticisers and accelerators are used to ensure good flow of the mix during vibration and compaction to achieve a smooth, compact and blow hole free finish (where ever possible finish smooth after dressing) also to give good early strength. Typical cube tests at 7-10 Days are that of the equivalent of that of a semi dry unit at 28 Days

Products are split into three categories.

Standard - Cast stone items that are manufactured in accordance with our Technical specification sheets. These items could be stock items or units, which are ready to cast at the first available production slot, with no molds to produce. Products like standard head, sills or pier caps and copings. The cost of establishing the molds is not same, thus for small production runs costs can be kept to the minimum. Also not forgetting lead times can be much shorter by not having to detail, obtain approval and then construct molds.

Semi Standard - Cast stone items Products, which are similar to details within our Technical specification sheets. But say vary in length or require slight mold adaptation or modification.

Purpose Made - Cast Stone items which are manufactured in accordance with the contract documents. These units are made from new purpose made concrete molds. These would probably be specialized units, which are not contained in our brochure. We have our own in house design department, who will assist you in the process of your design advising you in Careful thought must be given in the planning process for purpose made products. Please consider the following.

bulletDesign and detailing of in house production drawings- Some times it is of necessity to produce working drawings of Architects details to enable production of molds.

This process can some times take any thing from 2-10 days, dependant on how long it takes to get details approved.

 

bulletApproval of production drawings.

 

bulletProduction of Patterns- Sometimes it is necessary to produce units from urethane or silicone rubber molds.

 

bulletThis may involve the pattern being produced and before molds are manufactured, approval of the pattern may be necessary from the Architect or Client.

 

bulletApproval of production patterns

 

bulletManufacture of concrete molds

 

bulletProduction of Units

 

bulletCuring of units

 

bulletPackaging and Transportation to Site

 

Remember adequate time must be allowed for production of concrete molds.

Colors and Finishes

Natural stone colors are achieved either by reliance on the color Colors  of crushed rock and sands and aggregates or by the addition of pigments. White cement gray cement and a combination are often used. The use of pigments can give the cast stone greater scope in the selection of suitably graded aggregates, which permit good compaction and achieve a strong, dense mix. Iron oxides based pigments are normally used in small quantities (e.g. 0.2%-1% yellow iron oxide by weight of cement for yellow sandstone's and up to 5% red iron oxide for red sandstone). High proportions of pigment powder (above say 6 - 8% by weight of cement) are used fineline precast sometimes to achieve unusual colors like blues and browns but generally these should be avoided.

A variety of traditional ashlar finishes can be replicated with cast stone, including plain, boasted, tooled, rockfaced, vermiculated. The other ashlar finishes are normally produced from latex:sand or concrete mold liners.

bulletSemi Dry ~ Plain finishes normally produced using sealed plywood mold liners or, where the shape, detail or longevity for mold dictates, fiberglass is used.
bulletWet Cast ~ unlike the semidry method, the wet cast mix produces a smooth cement surface which has to be removed after demolding to reveal the color and texture of the fines layer. The cement surface is removed by either acid etching or retarding the surface within the mold prior to curing and washing off after demolding to achieve a smaller large expose of aggregate.

Here is where specialist aggregates can be used to achieve some wonderful and varied finishes and colors.

Structural Use

Dependant on the situation all cast stone both Wet and Dry Cast can be used. But there are limitations in the Dry Cast process as opposed to Wet Cast: -

bulletSemi Dry ~ Components requiring reinforcement which is more complex than a few straight bars or a layer of fabric reinforcement are not possible. This is because it is difficult to achieve thorough compaction of semidry mixes using a pneumatic tamper in and around the congested reinforcement. Therefore Wet Cast is the option.
 
bulletWet Cast ~ unlike the semidry method, the Wet Cast mix is poured into the mold as thick liquid mix and compaction is achieved by vibration. So even the more complex arrangement of bars can be compacted sufficiently. The added advantage being the need to put any secondary support like pressed or fabricated steel lintel saving costs. Also we can manufacture structural beams for larger vehicle entranceways for example.

 

Cast Stone
 

Cast stone installed in California city's such as Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, Bel Air, Ventura or Santa Barbara has to be mechanically fastened to the wood frame of a building usually with stainless steel or galvanized attachments, this because of earthquake codes.  There are many historical buildings in California with cast stone as part of their facade.  Cast stone in Los Angeles, Beverly hills, Bel Air, Ventura and Santa Barbara was at it's most popular in the 1900's.  In Santa Barbara, cast stone was used extensively in the downtown district and also in a primitive form at the Santa Barbara mission in the form of adobe, a mixture of mud and straw or horsehair mixed with water and hand shaped into molds.  Cast stone in the City of Ventura was used mainly on churches in the downtown area.  Cast stone in Los Angeles was used in many important buildings including the famous Los Angeles City hall.  In Santa Barbara cast stone and Santa Barbara stone were used in conjunction in many historical buildings.  Precast Innovations Santa Barbara stone also called Santa Barbara sandstone, is found mainly in Santa Barbara county, is removed from the ground in loose form, the Santa Barbara stone is then cut and shaped by a stonemason into useable blocks.  Cast stone in Beverly Hills was used in the Beverly Hills City hall and is now used on many residential buildings.  We also install our new line of Cantera stone columns, easy homeowner installation CDI or "Can Do It"  precast columns and we do our own concrete design ,  CDI is short for "Can Do It" columns, Sierra stone cast stone columns and balustrade, California precast products, CDI "Can Do It" precast, precast  moldings and stairs. We also supply and  install CDI "Can Do It" precast  concrete window and door trim, Sierra stone products, using our own concrete design, full weight precast and granite or limestone products,  California precast columns, precast or limestone moldings and  fireplace mantles. We manufacture our own precast innovations concrete molds. We have many limestone and sandstone designs installed in the Los Angeles area.
 

Precast concrete
Precast concrete is usually used in lower end track homes where budget is a concern, cast stone is usually used in higher end homes where budget is not a major concern. The difference between cast stone and precast concrete is easily seen, and even the novice can appreciate the high quality limestone like finish on a cast stone product. Fireplace mantels or as some call them fireplace mantles look beautiful when constructed from cast stone. Cast stone fireplace mantels are used in any situation.  The fireplace mantels are both strong and fireproof. Fireplace mantels are a thing of beauty when made from cast stone or precast concrete. Fireplace mantels are also made from wood. Fireplace mantels or fireplace chimneys are the main feature in any room and a fireplace mantel made from precast innovations cast stone or precast concrete is a sight to behold.
Cast stone by Regency precast installed in California city's such as Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, Bel Air, Ventura or Santa Barbara has to be mechanically fastened to the wood frame of a building usually with stainless steel or galvanized attachments, this because of earthquake codes.  There are many historical buildings in California with cast stone as part of their facade.  Cast stone in Los Angeles, Beverly hills, Bel Air, Ventura and Santa Barbara was at it's most popular in the 1900's.  In Santa Barbara, cast stone was used extensively in the downtown district and also in a primitive form at the Santa Barbara mission in the form of adobe, a mixture of mud and straw or horsehair mixed with water and hand shaped into molds.  Cast stone in the City of Ventura was used mainly on churches in the downtown area.  Cast stone in Los Angeles was used in many important buildings including the famous Los Angeles City hall.  In Santa Barbara cast stone and Santa Barbara stone were used in conjunction in many historical buildings.  Santa Barbara stone also called Santa Barbara sandstone,A&M Victorian Designs is found mainly in Santa Barbara county, is removed from the ground in loose form, the Santa Barbara stone is then cut and shaped by a stonemason into useable blocks.  Commercial cast stone in Haddonstone, California precast, Adriatic precast, APS precast,napa stone, Studio Cast,CDI,ventura cast stone, ventura precast,ventura columns, A&M Victorian Designs ventura stone Beverly Hills was used in the Beverly Hills City hall A&M Victorian Designs and is now used on many residential buildings.  We also supply and install granite and
We also install the products exclusively manufactured by other company's including, Sierra concrete design, Sierra stone and Dura art stone, Stone legends, Moonlight molds, Fineline precast, Studio cast design,  Architectural products, Haddonstone, California precast, Adriatic precast, APS precast, napa stone, Studio Cast precast,

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We have installed products made by Sierra concrete design, Sierra stone and Dura art stone, Stone legends, Cantera stone columns, precast concrete,concrete columns,los angeles precast. Moonlight molds, Fineline precast, Studio cast design,A&M Victorian Designs Architectural products, Haddonstone, California precast, Adriatic precast, APS precast, napa stone, Studio Cast, CDI, precast,

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 Last modified: 02/13/23